{"id":241,"date":"2017-01-10T22:08:52","date_gmt":"2017-01-10T22:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nccororgms.wpengine.com\/tools-mruserguides\/?page_id=241"},"modified":"2017-05-31T16:46:18","modified_gmt":"2017-05-31T16:46:18","slug":"conceptualizing-individual-diet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/conceptualizing-individual-diet\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Conceptualizing Individual Diet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-241\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-241-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-241-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-241-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_text panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Individual Diet<\/h3>\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/themes\/mcuserguide\/assets\/images\/grey.gif\" data-original=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/diet.jpg\" alt=\"diet\" width=\"350\" class=\"lazy aligncenter size-full\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/diet.jpg\" alt=\"diet\" width=\"350\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" \/><\/noscript>\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<p>MEASURES REGISTRY USER GUIDE<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/nccororgms.wpengine.com\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/NCCOR_MR_User_Guide_Individual_Diet-FINAL.pdf\"><b>Download Full PDF <\/b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/themes\/mcuserguide\/assets\/images\/grey.gif\" data-original=\"http:\/\/nccororgms.wpengine.com\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/11\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"19\" height=\"20\" class=\"lazy aligncenter wp-image-75\" style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/nccororgms.wpengine.com\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/11\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"19\" height=\"20\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-75\" style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/noscript><\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wpcmsdev-accordion\">\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-1-introduction\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>1. Introduction<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-1-introduction\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/introduction\/#overview\">Overview of the Individual Diet Measures Registry User Guide<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/introduction\/#organization\">Organization of This User Guide<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-2-conceptualizing-individual-diet\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>2. Conceptualizing Individual Diet<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-2-conceptualizing-individual-diet\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/conceptualizing-individual-diet\/\">Conceptualizing Individual Diet<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-3-dietary-variables-of-relevance-to-childhood-obesity\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>3. Dietary Variables of Relevance to Childhood Obesity<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-3-dietary-variables-of-relevance-to-childhood-obesity\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/dietary-variables-of-relevance-to-childhood-obesity\/\">Dietary Variables of Relevance to Childhood Obesity<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-4-key-considerations-in-measuring-dietary-behavior-among-children\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>4. Key Considerations in Measuring Dietary Behavior Among Children<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-4-key-considerations-in-measuring-dietary-behavior-among-children\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/key-considerations-in-measuring-dietary-behavior-among-children\/\">Key Considerations in Measuring Dietary Behavior Among Children<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-5-overview-of-individual-diet-measures\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>5. Overview of Individual Diet Measures<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-5-overview-of-individual-diet-measures\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/overview-of-individual-diet-measures\/#objective\">Objective Measures of Dietary Intake<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/overview-of-individual-diet-measures\/#self-report\">Self-Report Measures of Dietary Intake<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-6-evaluating-dietary-behavior-measures\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>6. Evaluating Dietary Behavior Measures<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-6-evaluating-dietary-behavior-measures\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/evaluating-individual-diet-measures\/#validation\">Validation Studies<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-7-selecting-measures\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>7. Selecting Measures<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-7-selecting-measures\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/selecting-measures\/\">Selecting Measures<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-8-considerations-for-collecting-analyzing-interpreting-and-reporting-data-on-individual-diet\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>8. Considerations for Collecting, Analyzing, Interpreting, and Reporting Data on Individual Diet<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-8-considerations-for-collecting-analyzing-interpreting-and-reporting-data-on-individual-diet\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/considerations\/\">Considerations for Collecting, Analyzing, Interpreting, and Reporting Data on Individual Diet<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-9-case-studies\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>9. Case Studies<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-9-case-studies\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case1\">Case Study 1: Examining Influences on Diet Among Population Subgroups<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case2\">Case Study 2: Examining Diet Quality and Markers of Disease<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case3\">Case Study 3: Examining Implications of Modifications to Foods Offered for Sale in Vending Machines Within an Institution<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case4\">Case Study 4: Assessing the Effects of a Home-based Obesity Prevention Program on Pre-School Children\u2019s Dietary Behaviors<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case5\">Case Study 5: Assessing Differences in Diet Quality Among Subgroups with Different Rates of Obesity<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case6\">Case Study 6: Evaluating the Effects of Calorie-Labeling within a Given Institution (or More Broadly) on Energy Intake<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case7\">Case Study 7: Assessing Children\u2019s Food Preferences in Relation to Advertising<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/case-studies\/#case8\">Case Study 8: Assessing the Impact of a Body Image-Based Program on Adolescents\u2019 Dietary Behaviors and Intake<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-10-future-directions-in-individual-diet-assessment\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>10. Future Directions in Individual Diet Assessment<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-10-future-directions-in-individual-diet-assessment\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/future-directions-in-individual-diet-assessment\/\">Evolution in the Field of Dietary Assessment<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-11-conclusion\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>11. Conclusion<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-11-conclusion\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/conclusion\/\">Conclusion<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-12-additional-resources-on-individual-diet-assessment\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>12. Additional Resources on Individual Diet Assessment<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-12-additional-resources-on-individual-diet-assessment\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/resources\/\">Additional Resources on Individual Diet Assessment<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"accordion-item\"><h3 class=\"accordion-item-title\"><a href=\"#accordion-item-references\"><i class=\"fa fa-plus icon-for-inactive\"><\/i><i class=\"fa fa-minus icon-for-active\"><\/i>References<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"accordion-item-references\" class=\"accordion-item-content\"><p><b><a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/references\/\">References<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-241-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-241-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_text panel-first-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"print-this panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-241-0-1-0\" >\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\"><div class='printomatic pom-small ' id='id2611'  data-print_target='.print-this'><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpcmsdev-columns\">\n<div class=\"column column-width-one-fifth\"><div class=\"wpcmsdev-box\">\n<h3 class=\"box-title\">SECTION<\/h3>\n<div class=\"box-content\">\n<h1>2<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column column-width-four-fifths\"><h1>Conceptualizing Individual Diet <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>For the purpose of this User Guide, dietary behavior is conceptualized primarily as dietary intake, though related dietary behaviors and attitudes (e.g., frequency of snacking) that may be relevant to the study of childhood obesity are also addressed. Generally speaking, dietary intake refers to the foods, beverages and, potentially, supplements consumed by individuals and populations. In conjunction with information on intake, there is often interest in the context of eating, such as when, where, and with whom meals and snacks are consumed, as well as other activities during eating, such as use of digital devices. Many of the measures within the Registry focus on quantitatively assessing intake, for example, using 24-hour dietary recalls, dietary records, food frequency questionnaires, or screeners, for the purposes of arriving at estimated consumption of foods, food groups, and nutrients, or characterizing dietary patterns. For example, within the context of childhood obesity research, there is significant interest in quantifying consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, including fruit drinks, flavored milks, soda, and energy drinks. The measures within the Registry are primarily those that involve self- (or proxy-) reporting of intake; however, objective methods for assessment are also briefly described in Section 5.<\/p>\n\n<p>As outlined in the Measures Registry User Guide: <a href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-physical-activity\/introduction\/\" target=\"_blank\">Individual Physical Activity<\/a>, physical activity is not directly measured in the same way that characteristics such as weight and height might be. The term, assessment, which \u201crefers to an appraisal or judgement,\u201d can be used to differentiate from measurement, which \u201cinvolves collecting specific information about an object or event and typically results in the assignment of a number to that observation.\u201d Similar to physical activity, the measurement of dietary intake is typically referred to as assessment.<\/p>\n\n<p>In assessing intake, researchers are interested in capturing specific items consumed, along with details such as how they were prepared and the quantities in which they were consumed. As noted in Section 1, such data are typically collected at the level of individuals, with inferences made at the level of groups or populations. With the necessary details to characterize foods and beverages, data collected from individuals can be linked with food composition and related databases to estimate intakes of foods and food groups, nutrients, and other dietary components. These estimates can be used to characterize dietary intake among populations or subpopulations (e.g., prevalences meeting recommendations related to nutrients or food groups), examine influences (e.g., age, gender, socioeconomic status, education) on dietary intake, assess associations between dietary intake and outcomes (e.g., factors associated with body weight), and investigate the impacts of interventions (e.g., nutrition education, taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages) on intake.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p>In addition to capturing details on the types of foods and beverages consumed, researchers and practitioners aim to understand how often different foods and drinks are consumed so that usual intake can be estimated. This is because primary interest is not typically in consumption on a given day (i.e., acute intake), but rather habitual or long-term intake over a given period of time. For example, in surveillance, researchers and practitioners are interested in whether individuals and populations meet food group recommendations and nutrient requirements on average over time, and in epidemiology, researchers seek to examine associations between usual diet and subsequent health- or disease-related outcomes. In some cases, such as some specific intervention studies, intake on a given day may be of interest. However, usual intake is typically of interest and is the focus of this User Guide.<\/p>\n\n<p>Other measures within the Registry are intended to capture related behaviors, such as the frequency with which individuals visit fast food restaurants or consume snacks or meals while watching television. In addition, some measures capture eating attitudes (e.g., willingness to try new foods), food preferences (e.g., for salty or sweet foods), avoidance of particular dietary components (e.g., fat), diet knowledge and perceptions (e.g., regarding foods marketed as healthy), and other constructs that may influence eating patterns and body weight. Generally, measures within the Registry that include constructs such as attitudes also include some assessment of intake (e.g., a measure of attitudes toward fruits and vegetables may also query intake of fruits and vegetables). For some research questions, it may be necessary to use measures of dietary intake together with measures focused on related behaviors and attitudes.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-241-0-1-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_text panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" >\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\"><div class=\"wpcmsdev-columns\">\n<div class=\"column column-width-one-half\"><p><a class=\"wpcmsdev-button color-violet\" href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/introduction\/\"><span>Previous<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column column-width-one-half\"><p style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"wpcmsdev-button color-violet\" href=\"\/tools-mruserguides\/individual-diet\/dietary-variables-of-relevance-to-childhood-obesity\/\"><span>Next<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the purpose of this User Guide, dietary behavior is conceptualized primarily as dietary intake, though related dietary behaviors and attitudes (e.g., frequency of snacking) that may be relevant to the study of childhood obesity are also addressed. Generally speaking, dietary intake refers to the foods, beverages and, potentially, supplements consumed by individuals and populations. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":225,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-241","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nccor.org\/tools-mruserguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}